Architecturally Significant Requirements
- 架构攸关的需求(ASR)是对体系结构产生深远影响的要求-如果没有这样的要求,体系结构可能会发生巨大的变化。An Architecturally Significant Requirement (ASR) is a requirement that will have a profound effect on the architecture - the architecture might well be dramatically different in the absence of such a requirement.
- QA 需求越困难和重要,就越有可能显着影响体系结构,从而成为 ASR。The more difficult and important the QA requirement, the more likely it is to significantly affect the architecture, and hence to be an ASR.
- 如何系统地识别将影响 ASR 和其他因素?How to systematically identify the ASRs and other factors that will shape the architecture?
- 从需求文档中收集 ASR Gathering ASRs from requirements documents
- 通过采访涉众来收集 ASR Gathering ASRs by interviewing stakeholders
- 通过了解业务目标来收集 ASR Gathering ASRs by understanding the business goals
- 在项目树中管理 ASR Capturing ASRs in a utility tree
Gathering ASRs from Requirements Documents
- 无论是使用“MoSCoW”样式指定需求还是作为“用户故事”的集合来指定需求,这些都不能帮助您确定质量属性。Whether requirements are specified using the “MoSCoW” style or as a collection of “user stories”, neither of these is much help in nailing down quality attributes.
- MoSCoW 样式:https://blog.csdn.net/cheny_com/article/details/6358456,使用四个级别来定义一个需求的优先级程度
- 需求文档通常会以两种方式使架构师失败:Requirements documents often fail an architect in two ways:
- 需求规范中的大多数内容都不会影响体系结构。Most of what is in a requirements specification does not affect the achitecture.
- 系统应模块化 The system shall be modular
- 系统应显示出高易用性 The system shall exhibit high usability
- 系统应满足用户的性能期望 The system shall meet users’ performance expectations
- 对架构师有用的大部分内容甚至都没有出现在最佳需求文档中 Much of what is useful to an architect is not in even the best requirements document.
- 在收购环境中,需求文档代表的是收购方的利益,而不是开发商的利益。In an acquisition context, the requirements document represents the interests of the acquirer, not that of the developer.
- 需求规范中的大多数内容都不会影响体系结构。Most of what is in a requirements specification does not affect the achitecture.
- 如果某项要求影响了关键体系结构设计决策的制定,那么根据定义,它就是 ASR。If a requirement affects the making of a critical architectural design decision, it is by definition an ASR.